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Sidewalk counseling, also known as sidewalk interference,〔(Access to Abortion Services Act ). Retrieved December 19, 2012.〕 is a form of pro-life activism conducted outside of abortion clinics. Activists seek to communicate with those entering the building, or with passersby in general, in an effort to persuade them not to have an abortion or to reconsider their position on the morality of abortion.〔(Hill v. Colorado (98-1856) 530 U.S. 703 (2000) ). Retrieved December 13, 2006.〕 They do so by trying to engage in conversation, displaying signs, distributing literature, and/or giving directions to a nearby crisis pregnancy center.〔 Some pro-life organizations offer programs designed to train people in such activism. The American Life League publishes "The Sidewalk Counselor's Guidebook" on its web site.〔American Life League. (2006). (The Sidewalk Counselor's Guidebook ). Retrieved December 13, 2006.〕 The "Chicago Method" is an approach to sidewalk counseling that involves giving those about to enter an abortion facility copies of lawsuits filed against the facility or its physicians. The name comes from the fact that it was first used by Pro-Life Action League in Chicago.〔("Controversy in the Activist Movement", ''Pro-Life Action News'', August 2000 )〕 Brochures summarizing the lawsuits, scandals, or negative findings of inspection reports can also be used. The intent of the Chicago Method is to dissuade women from obtaining abortion services at the facility.〔("The "Chicago Method": Sidewalk Counseling that appeals to the Mother's concerns for her own well-being", Priests for Life )〕 == Legal restrictions == Several jurisdictions in the United States have "buffer zone" laws which limit how close to a clinic protesters can approach.〔National Abortion Federation. (2006). (Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances (FACE) Act ). Retrieved December 13, 2006.〕 In the 1997 court case, ''Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York'', pro-life activist Paul Schenck challenged a U.S. district court injunction which restricted demonstrations to within 15-feet of four abortion clinics in New York state. The case came before the Supreme Court, where Justices ruled 8-1 to uphold the constitutionality of a "fixed buffer zone" (the area around the clinic itself), but not that of a "floating buffer zone" (the area around objects in transit such as cars or people).〔Hudson, David L. Jr. (2006). (Abortion protests & buffer zones ). ''First Amendment Center.'' Retrieved December 13, 2006.〕 In 1995, the ''Access to Abortion Services Act'' was passed in British Columbia, Canada. It defines "sidewalk interference" as any attempt at "advising or persuading, or attempting to advise or persuade, a person to refrain from making use of abortion services," or "informing or attempting to inform a person concerning issues related to abortion services. It prevents such activities from being carried out within up to 50 metres of an abortion-providing facility.〔 Pro-choice groups have criticized the practice of sidewalk counseling as harassment.〔Weiss, Deborah. (2001). "(Profiles of 15 Anti-Choice Organizations )." Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Retrieved August 23, 2006.〕 Pro-life advocates in the U.S. maintain that it is a form of free speech protected by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution.〔Weber, Walter. (n.d.). "(Sidewalk Counseling: Still a Constitutional Right )." Retrieved December 13, 2006.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「sidewalk counseling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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